There was a need to make a total shift to a capitalist economy which meant rooting out completely any structures evolved during the Soviet period.This process of transition was due to the Collapse of Communism.The model of transition in Russia, Central Asia and East Europe from an authoritarian socialist system to a democratic capitalist system which was influenced by the World Bank and the IMF came to be known as ‘Shock Therapy’.The international system saw many new players’ emerge, each with its own identity, interests and economic and political difficulties.All these countries had their own independent aspirations and choices. The end of the Soviet bloc paved way for the emergence of many new countries.The US became the sole superpower which also backed the capitalist economy making it the dominant economic system internationally.Power relations in world politics changed and thus it led to change in the relative influence of ideas and institutions.There was no dispute of Socialist ideology and Capitalist ideology. It led to the end of Cold War confrontations.There are many consequences of the disintegration of USSR. Another reason for the collapse of USSR was the rise of nationalism and the desire for sovereignty within various republics including Russia and the Baltic republics.It was believed that the reforms introduced by Gorbachev were at a very slow pace. A section of the society was not happy with the reforms of Gorbachev.The Soviet Union too became stagnant due to rampant corruption, the unwillingness to allow more openness in government, and the centralisation of authority in a vast land. The Soviet economy used much of its resources in maintaining a nuclear and military arsenal. The economy of the Soviet Union became stagnant. Internal weaknesses of Soviet political and economic institutions failed to meet the aspirations of the people.There are several reasons which led to the collapse of the Soviet Union. Reasons for the Soviet Union Disintegration Capitalism and democracy were adopted as the basis for the post Soviet republics.Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, the three major republics of the USSR, declared in December 1991 that the Soviet Union was disintegrated.The people did not want the old-style rule of the Communist Party and wanted freedom. A coup took place in 1991 that was encouraged by Communist Party hardliners.He introduced economic and political reform policies of perestroika (restructuring) and glasnost (openness). Mikhail Gorbachev, who had become General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1985, sought to reform the system.Gorbachev and the Disintegration of the USSR In the arms race, the Soviet Union managed to match the US from time to time, but at great cost.It made life very difficult for its citizens. However, the Soviet system became very bureaucratic and authoritarian.Then the Soviet economy became more developed than the rest of the world except the US. There was change in the economic and political system of the USSR.After the Second World War, the East European countries that the Soviet army had liberated from the fascist forces came under the control of the USSR.The revolution was inspired by the ideals of socialism and the need for an egalitarian society as opposed to capitalism. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) came into being after the Socialist Revolution in Russia in 1917.Mathematics 2021 WAEC Past Questions and Answers | Questions 1 - 10
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